1 Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, İzmir
2 Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, İzmir
Abstract
In this study, the aim was to determine some silage characteristics by mixing two different Moringa species (Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala) with maize (Zea mays L.) in different ratios. In the study, the Moringa species were mixed with maize in the ratios of 100-0%, 75-25%, 50-50%, 25-75%, and 0-100% and ensiled with 4 replications. At the end of the ensilling period (60 days), the silages were opened, and their physical characteristics (color, smell, structure, and DLG score), dry matter content (%), ADF, NDF and pH. According to the results of the study, it was observed that the silages obtained by ensiling Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala, either alone or in different ratios with maize, were sufficient in terms of some silage physical characteristics, silage quality, and nutritional value. When the Moringa species were examined, it was determined that the silage quality of 100% Moringa and 25% Moringa + 75% Maize mixtures increased and could be ensile as a sufficient silage.
Keywords
Moringa,maize,silage,mixture,quality
How to Cite
MOHAMED, H. G. M., & DEMİROĞLU TOPÇU , G. (2025). Silage Quality Characteristics in Mixtures of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala with Maize (Zea mays L.) at Different Ratios. MAS Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(1), 54–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15087225
📄Abay, A., Birhane, E., Taddesse, T., Hadgu, K.M., 2015. Moringa stenopetala tree species improved selected soil properties and socio-economic benefits in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, 4(2): 68–78.
📄Akman, A., Durusoy, C., Senturk, M., Koc, C.K., Soyturk, D., Alpsoy, E., 2007. Treatment of acne with intermittent and conventional isotretinoin: a randomized, controlled multicenter study. Archives of Dermatological Research, 299: 467-473.
📄Anonymus, 1993. Bestimmung des pH-Wertes. In: Die chemischen Untersuchungen von Futtermittelnç. Teil 18 Silage. Abschnit 18.1
📄Bestimmung des Ph-Wertes. Methodenbuch Bd.III VDLUFAVerlag, Darmstad.
📄Anwar, F., Latif, S., Ashraf, M., Gilani, A.H., 2007. Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 21(1): 17-25.
📄Asaolu, V., Binuomote, R., Okunlola, D., Oyelami, O., 2015. Characteristics of Moringa oleifera silage with mixtures of Panicum maximum and wheat offals. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 5(18): 121-130.
📄Boopathi, N.M., Abubakar, B.Y., 2021. Botanical Descriptions of Moringa spp. The Moringa Genome, 11-20.
📄Boukandoul, S., Casal, S., Zaidi, F., 2018. The Potential of some moringa species for seed oil production. Agriculture, 10: 150.
📄Demeulenaere, B., De Schutter, J., 2001. Dynamically compensated cams for rigid cam-follower systems with fluctuating cam speed and dominating inertial forces. In 2001 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, Proceedings Book, pp. 763-768.
📄Demi̇roğlu Topçu, G., Özkan, Ş.S., 2021. Quality properties of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) silages. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales, 9(3): 315-320.
📄Demiroğlu Topçu, G., Kızılşimşek, M., Akbay, F., 2023. The effect of different mixture ratios of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) on some silage quality characteristics. Internatıonal Journal of Applied Biology and Environmental Science, 5(2): 53-63.
📄Fuglie, L.J., 1999. The Miracle Tree: Moringa oleifera, Natural Nutrition for the Tropics. Church World Service, New York, USA.
📄Geren, H., 2001. Effect of sowing dates on silage characteristics of different maize cultivars grown as second crop under Bornova conditions. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 38: 47-54.
📄Görü, N., Seydoşoğlu, S., 2021. Bazı serin iklim tahıllarının (Yulaf, Arpa, Çavdar ve Tritikale) yaygın fiğ ile farklı oranlarda karışımlarında silaj kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1): 26-33.
📄Habtemariam, S., 2019. Medicinal Foods as Potential Therapies for Type-2 Diabetes and Associated Diseases: The Chemical and Pharmacological Basis of their Action. Academic Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
📄Heuze, V., Tran, G., Edouard, N., Lebas, F., 2017. Maize silage. Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.
📄İleri, O., Erkovan, S., Erkovan, H.İ., Koç, A., 2020. Silage quality of second forage pea at different plant densities and cereal mixtures. Turkish Journal of Range and Forage Science, 1: 35-45.
📄İptaş, S., Avcıoğlu, R., 1997. Mısır, sorgum, sudanotu ve sorgum-sudanotu melezi bitkilerinde farklı hasat devrelerinin silo yemi niteliğine etkileri. Türkiye 1. Silaj Kongresi, Kongre Bildiriler Kitabı, 16-19 Eylül, Bursa, s. 42-51.
📄Kung, L., Shaver, R.D., 2001. Interpretation and Use of Silage Fermentation Analysis Reports. Focus on Forage, University of Wisconsin Extension, Madison.
📄Kutlu, H.R., 2002. Tüm Yönleriyle Silaj Yapımı ve Silajla Besleme. Çukurova Üniversitesi Zootekni Bölümü, Ders notları.
📄Lin, M., Zhang, J., Chen, X., 2018. Bioactive flavonoids in Moringa oleifera and their health- promoting properties. Journal of Functional Foods, 47: 469-479.
📄Mahmood, T.K., Mugal, T., Ul Haq, I., 2010, Moringa oleifera: a natural gift. A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Research, 2(11): 775–781.
📄Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., 1997, Nutrients and antiquality factors in different morphological parts of the Moringa oleifera tree. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 128: 311-322.
📄Makonnen, E., Hunde, A., Damecha, G., 1997, Hypoglycaemic effect of Moringa stenopetala aqueous extract in rabbits. Phytotherapy Research, 11(2): 147-8.
📄Mekonnen, N., Houghton, P., Timbrell, J., 2005. The toxicity of extracts of plant parts of Moringa stenopetala in HEPG2 cells in vitro. Phytotherapy Research, 19(10): 870-875.
📄Mekonnen, Y., Gessesse, A., 1998. Documentation on the uses of Moringa stenopetala and its possible antileishamanial and antifertility effects. SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 21(2): 287-295.
📄Mekonnen, Y., 2002. The multi-purpose Moringa tree: Ethiopia.
📄Mendieta-Araica, B., Spörndly, E., Reyes-Sánchez, N., Norell, L., Spörndly, R., 2009. Silage quality when Moringa oleifera is ensiled in mixtures with Elephant grass, sugar cane and molasses. Grass and Forage Science, 64: 364-373.
📄Moreki, J.C., Gabanakgosi, K., 2014. Potential use of Moringa olifera in poultry diets. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 2: 109-115.
📄Odeyinka, S.M., Abegunde, T.O., Ofoegbu, M.O., Apanisile, O.J., 2021, Silage quality, growth performance and haematology of West African dwarf goats fed Moringa oleifera leaves ensiled with cassava peels. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 48(2): 183-190.
📄Olson, K.R., 2002. Gill circulation: regulation of perfusion distribution and metabolism of regulatory molecules. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 293(3): 320-335.
📄Özcan, M.M., Ghafoor, K., Al Juhaimi, F., Ahmed, I.A.M., Babiker, E.E., 2019. Effect of coldpress and soxhlet extraction on fatty acids, tocopherols and sterol contents of the moringa seed oils. South African Journal of Botany, 124: 333-337.
📄Saini, R.K., Sivanesan, I., Keum, Y.S., 2016. Phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera: A review of their nutritional, therapeutic and industrial significance. 3 Biotech, 6(2): 203.
📄Saint Sauveur, A., Broin, M., 2010. Produire et transformer les feuilles de Moringa.
📄Sanchez, A.C., Subudhi, P.K., Rosenow, D.T., Nguyen, H.T., 2002. Mapping QTLs associated with drought resistance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.). Journal of Plant Molecular Biologies, 48: 713-726.
📄Seifu, E., 2015. Actual and potential applications of Moringa stenopetala, underutilized indigenous vegetable of Southern Ethiopia.
📄Sutherland, J.P., Folkard, G.K., Grant, W.D., 1989. Natural coagulants for appropriate water treatment: A novel approach.
📄Teixeira, E.M., Carvalho, M.R., Neves, V.A., Silva, M.A., Arantes-Pereira, L., 2014. Chemical characteristics and fractionation of proteins from Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves. Food Chemistry, 147: 51-54.
📄Tekce, E., Gül, M., 2014. Ruminant beslemede NDF ve ADF’nin önemi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi.
📄Wang, Y., Wang, C., Zhou, W., Yang, F., Chen, X., Zhang, Q., 2018. Effects of wilting and lactobacillus plantarum addition on the fermentation quality and microbial community of Moringa oleifera leaf silage. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6(9): 1817.
📄Wu, D., Cai, Z., Wei, Y., Zhang, C., Liang, G., Guo, Q., 2013. Research advances in moringa as a new plant protein feed. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 25(3): 503–511.
📄Yameogo, C.W., Bengaly, M.D., Savadogo, A., Nikiema, P.A., Traore, S.A., 2011. Determination of chemical composition and nutritional values of Moringa oleifera leaves, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10(3): 264-268.
📄Yolcu, H., Tan, M., 2008. Ülkemiz yem bitkileri tarımına genel bir bakış. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(3): 303-312.
📄Zheng, Y., Zhu, F., Lin, D., Wu, J., Zhou, Y., Mark, B., 2017. Optimization of formulation and processing of Moringa oleifera and spirulina complex tablets. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 24(1): 122–126.
,
Gülcan DEMİROĞLU TOPÇU 2